• By ali mairaj
• 2025, 29, 08
• business Cloud Containers DevOps Docker Interview MCQs K8s Kubernetes marketing Microservices services

Kubernetes (K8s) – The Complete Guide with MCQs [2025]

🌍 Introduction

In today’s world of cloud computing and microservices, managing hundreds or thousands of containers is not easy. This is where Kubernetes (K8s) comes in.

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform designed to automate deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Originally developed by Google and now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF), Kubernetes has become the de facto standard for container orchestration.

If you are preparing for DevOps, Cloud, or Software Engineering interviews in 2025, knowledge of Kubernetes is a must.

🚀 What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is often called “the operating system of the cloud”.
It manages your containers (like Docker) across multiple machines, ensuring that:

• Applications are always running
• They can scale up or down automatically
• Updates happen without downtime
• Failures are self-healed

Simply put: Kubernetes makes sure your app is always available and reliable, no matter the traffic or failures.

🔑 Core Features of Kubernetes

1. Automated Scheduling & Deployment – Places containers on the best available machine.
2. Self-Healing – Restarts or replaces failed containers automatically.
3. Horizontal Scaling – Scale applications up or down with a single command or automatically based on load.
4. Load Balancing – Distributes traffic evenly between containers.
5. Service Discovery – Apps inside Kubernetes can talk to each other easily.
6. Rolling Updates & Rollbacks – Update applications with zero downtime.
7. Resource Efficiency – Makes the most out of hardware resources.

🏗️ Kubernetes Architecture (Simplified)

A Kubernetes Cluster consists of:

1. Control Plane (Master Node)

Manages the whole cluster. Key components:

• API Server – Entry point for all commands (via kubectl).
• Scheduler – Decides which node runs a Pod.
• Controller Manager – Ensures the cluster state matches the desired state.
• etcd – Distributed database that stores cluster data.

2. Worker Nodes

Where applications (Pods) actually run. Each worker node has:

• kubelet – Talks to the Control Plane and runs Pods.
• kube-proxy – Handles networking.
• Pods – Smallest unit in Kubernetes (holds one or more containers).

🛠️ Kubernetes Ecosystem

• kubectl – Command-line tool to control Kubernetes clusters.
• Helm – Package manager for Kubernetes applications.
• Prometheus + Grafana – Monitoring & visualization.
• Istio / Linkerd – Service meshes for secure service-to-service communication.

✅ Benefits of Kubernetes

• Portability across cloud providers (AWS, Azure, GCP, on-premise).
• Scalability to handle massive workloads.
• High availability with automatic failover.
• Cost efficiency via optimal resource usage.
• Strong ecosystem with thousands of integrations.

📊 Real-World Use Cases of Kubernetes

• Netflix, Spotify, Airbnb → Handling millions of daily requests.
• Banks & Fintech → Deploying secure and scalable microservices.
• Startups → Rapid scaling without worrying about infrastructure.

📝 Kubernetes MCQs with Answers (2025)

Q1: Kubernetes was originally developed by:

a) Microsoft
 b) Google ✅
 c) Amazon
 d) IBM

Q2: The smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes is:

a) Container
 b) Pod ✅
 c) Node
 d) Deployment

Q3: Which command-line tool is used to interact with Kubernetes clusters?

a) kubeadm
 b) kubectl ✅
 c) helm
 d) k8

Q4: Which component stores all Kubernetes cluster data?

a) kube-proxy
 b) etcd ✅
 c) kubelet
 d) API server

Q5: A group of one or more containers that share storage and networking is called:

a) Node
 b) Pod ✅
 c) Deployment
 d) Service

Q6: Which Kubernetes object ensures that a specific number of Pods are always running?

a) Service
 b) Deployment ✅
 c) ReplicaSet
 d) ConfigMap

Q7: Kubernetes "Ingress" is used for:

a) Monitoring
 b) External access to services ✅
 c) Scaling containers
 d) Logging

Q8: Which component is responsible for scheduling Pods to Nodes?

a) kubelet
 b) kube-scheduler ✅
 c) etcd
 d) kube-proxy

Q9: Kubernetes is primarily used for:

a) Source code versioning
 b) Container orchestration ✅
 c) Cloud storage
 d) Operating system management

Q10: Helm in Kubernetes is:

a) Security tool
 b) Package manager ✅
 c) Networking tool
 d) Monitoring system